The Effect of Oxygen on Vitamin C Content in LEMONADE and ORANGE JUICE
OXYGEN’S EFFECT ON VITAMIN C CONTENT OF JUICE.Addie Colton. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect
that oxygen has on the ascorbic acid content of orange juice and lemonade. It was hypothesized that exposure to oxygen
would lessen the amount of ascorbic in each juice. To carry out the experiment, several different beakers containing either
20 mL of orange juice or 50 mL of lemonade were placed in open air at room temperature for different lengths of time.
Titration using an iodine solution and two indicators, hydrochloric acid and a starch solution, was then used to determine
the concentration of vitamin c in each sample. The orange juice samples, immediately after being opened, contained an
average of 0.0061 grams of vitamin c where as the orange juice samples after being exposed to oxygen for three hours and
twenty-four hours contained an average vitamin c content of 0.0058 grams and 0.0051 grams. Vitamin c concentration in
lemonade decreased with exposure to oxygen as well, the vitamin c content decreased to 0.0019 grams after originally being
0.0020 grams. The results of this experiment further strengthened the hypothesis that oxygen exposure for significant
lengths of time does in fact decrease the vitamin c content of orange juice and lemonade. Key Words: Titration, Ascorbic acid, Oxygen, Oxidation reaction, Orange Juice, Lemonade
Results:
Orange Juice Table 1: Orange Juice directly out of refrigerator
Trial Number
Temperature of orange juice (celcius)
Amount of orange juice used (mL)
Initial level of iodine solution (mL)
End level of iodine solution used (mL)
Total amount of iodine solution used (mL)
Average amount of iodine solution used per 20 mL of orange juice
1
4
20
5.0
23.3
18.3
-------------
2
4
20
6.2
23.4
17.2
-------------
3
4
20
23.4
41.9
18.5
-------------
4
4
20
3.5
20.0
16.5
-------------
5
4
20
20.0
38.8
18.8
-------------
6
4
20
2.5- 11.9
12.3-23.3
20.4
18.0 mL
Table 2: Orange juice after sitting in room temperature for 3 hours
Trial Number
Temperature of orange juice (celcius)
Amount of orange juice used (mL)
Beginning level of iodine solution (mL)
End level of iodine solution used (mL)
Total amount of iodine solution used (mL)
Average amount of iodine solution used per 20 mL of orange juice
1
19
20
4.7
17.7
13.0
-------------
2
19
20
17.7
30.8
13.1
-------------
3
19
20
30.8
48.0
17.2
-------------
4
20
20
10.4
28.8
18.4
-------------
5
20
20
28.8
49.8
21.0
-------------
6
20
20
19.7
40.1
20.4
17.2 mL
Table 3: Orange juice after sitting in room temperature for 24 hours
Trial Number
Temperature of orange juice (celcius)
Amount of orange juice used (mL)
Beginning level of iodine solution (mL)
End level of iodine solution used (mL)
Total amount of iodine solution used (mL)
Average amount of iodine solution used per 20 mL of orange juice
1
20
20
1.8
16.6
14.8
-------------
2
20
20
16.6
32.7
16.1
-------------
3
20
20
32.7
47.5
14.8
15.2 mL
Lemonade Table 4: Lemonade directly out of refrigerator
Trial Number
Temperature of orange juice (celcius)
Amount of orange juice used (mL)
Beginning level of iodine solution (mL)
End level of iodine solution used (mL)
Total amount of iodine solution used (mL)
Average amount of iodine solution used per 20 mL of orange juice
1
3
50
6.7
7.2
0.50
-------------
2
3
50
7.2
7.5
0.30
-------------
3
3
50
7.5
8.0
0.50
-------------
4
3
50
1.3
2.0
0.70
-------------
5
3
50
2.0
2.7
0.70
-------------
6
3
50
2.7
3.5
0.80
0.58 mL
Table 5: Lemonade after sitting in room temperature for 3 hours
Trial Number
Temperature of orange juice (celcius)
Amount of orange juice used (mL)
Beginning level of iodine solution (mL)
End level of iodine solution used (mL)
Total amount of iodine solution used (mL)
Average amount of iodine solution used per 20 mL of orange juice
1
16
50
3.4
4.0
0.60
-------------
2
16
50
4.0
4.2
0.20
-------------
3
16
50
4.2
4.5
0.30
-------------
4
20
50
8.0
8.9
0.90
-------------
5
20
50
8.9
9.1
0.20
-------------
6
20
50
9.1
10.4
1.3
0.58 mL
Table 6: Lemonade after sitting in room temperature for 24 hours
Trial Number
Temperature of orange juice (celcius)
Amount of orange juice used (mL)
Beginning level of Iodine solution (mL)
End level of iodine solution used (mL)
Total amount of iodine solution used (mL)
Average amount of iodine solution used per 20 mL of orange juice
1
20
50
0.10
0.80
0.70
-------------
2
20
50
0.80
1.3
0.50
-------------
3
20
50
1.3
1.8
0.50
0.56 mL
Standard Solution Table 7: Vitamin C Tablet
Mass of vitamin C tablet (g)
Mass of vitamin C in original tablet (g)
Mass of vitamin C tablet dissolved in 100 mL of water (g)
Mass of vitamin C dissolved in 100 mL of water (g)
Mass of vitamin C tablet dissolved in 30 mL of the original 100 mL solution (g)
Mass of vitamin C dissolved in 30 mL of solution (g)
Beginning level of iodine solution used (mL)
End level of iodine solution used (mL)
Total amount of iodine solution used (mL)
Iodine solution needed to neutralize vitamin C
0.63
0.50
0.091
0.071
0.027
0.021
5.5- 50.2
1.2- 19.1
62.6
62.6 mL of iodine solution for every 0.021 g of vitamin C
Table 8: Vitamin C content in each juice sample
Sample
Average amount of iodine solution used (mL) per sample
Vitamin C content of sample
Lemonade just out of refrigerator
0.58
0.00020 g
Lemonade after sitting at room temperature for three hours
0.58
0.00020 g
Lemonade after sitting at room temperature for twenty-four hours
0.56
0.00019 g
Orange juice just out of refrigerator
18.0
0.0061 g
Orange juice after sitting at room temperature for three hours
17.2
0.0058 g
Orange juice after sitting at room temperature for twenty-four hours
15.2
0.0051 g
Journal Article Summary
The purpose of this expiriment was to observe and determine the effects of ascorbic acid on the healing of lesions. To do so, scientists obtained several three-month-old rats of the rattus norvegicus species and, after injecting them with a thionembutal anesthesia, cut slits in their backs. Over a period of two weeks, half of the rats wounds were treated with a water and soap mixture while the other half’s were treated with an ascorbic acid cream. The wounds of each rodent were tested every third, seventh, and fourteenth day. On those days, scientists cut small sections of each wound to place on glass slides that were examined under a microscope in hopes of finding change in the number of macrophages, neovessels, fibroblasts, or collagen fibres, all of which would indicate healing progress. Because the wounds treated with the ascorbic acid cream showed higher numbers of neovessels, a significantly lower number of macrophages, and a shorter swelling period, it was concluded that ascorbic acid spurs the healing process.
Citation Lima CC, Pariera AP, Silva JR, Oliviera LS, Resck MC, Grechi CO, Bernardes MT, Olimpio FM, Santos AM, Incerpi EK, Garcia JA. 2009. Ascorbic acid for the healing of skin wounds in rats. PubMed. 69 (4): 1195-201.
that oxygen has on the ascorbic acid content of orange juice and lemonade. It was hypothesized that exposure to oxygen
would lessen the amount of ascorbic in each juice. To carry out the experiment, several different beakers containing either
20 mL of orange juice or 50 mL of lemonade were placed in open air at room temperature for different lengths of time.
Titration using an iodine solution and two indicators, hydrochloric acid and a starch solution, was then used to determine
the concentration of vitamin c in each sample. The orange juice samples, immediately after being opened, contained an
average of 0.0061 grams of vitamin c where as the orange juice samples after being exposed to oxygen for three hours and
twenty-four hours contained an average vitamin c content of 0.0058 grams and 0.0051 grams. Vitamin c concentration in
lemonade decreased with exposure to oxygen as well, the vitamin c content decreased to 0.0019 grams after originally being
0.0020 grams. The results of this experiment further strengthened the hypothesis that oxygen exposure for significant
lengths of time does in fact decrease the vitamin c content of orange juice and lemonade.
Key Words: Titration, Ascorbic acid, Oxygen, Oxidation reaction, Orange Juice, Lemonade
Results:
Orange Juice
Table 1: Orange Juice directly out of refrigerator
Table 2: Orange juice after sitting in room temperature for 3 hours
Table 3: Orange juice after sitting in room temperature for 24 hours
Lemonade
Table 4: Lemonade directly out of refrigerator
Table 5: Lemonade after sitting in room temperature for 3 hours
Table 6: Lemonade after sitting in room temperature for 24 hours
Standard Solution
Table 7: Vitamin C Tablet
Table 8: Vitamin C content in each juice sample
Journal Article Summary
The purpose of this expiriment was to observe and determine the effects of ascorbic acid on the healing of lesions. To do so, scientists obtained several three-month-old rats of the rattus norvegicus species and, after injecting them with a thionembutal anesthesia, cut slits in their backs. Over a period of two weeks, half of the rats wounds were treated with a water and soap mixture while the other half’s were treated with an ascorbic acid cream. The wounds of each rodent were tested every third, seventh, and fourteenth day. On those days, scientists cut small sections of each wound to place on glass slides that were examined under a microscope in hopes of finding change in the number of macrophages, neovessels, fibroblasts, or collagen fibres, all of which would indicate healing progress. Because the wounds treated with the ascorbic acid cream showed higher numbers of neovessels, a significantly lower number of macrophages, and a shorter swelling period, it was concluded that ascorbic acid spurs the healing process.
Citation
Lima CC, Pariera AP, Silva JR, Oliviera LS, Resck MC, Grechi CO, Bernardes MT, Olimpio FM, Santos AM, Incerpi EK, Garcia JA. 2009. Ascorbic acid for the healing of skin wounds in rats. PubMed. 69 (4): 1195-201.